A feedback mechanism between crystals and bubbles in a RuO2-bearing melt

Crystals are known to affect bubble behavior in natural and industrial melts. In volcanology, high crystal contents (?c > 30 vol.%) may drastically increase the suspension viscosity, altering dynamics severely enough modify eruptive style. During glass production, crystals can process final product. this work, we investigate how a small crystallinity of nano-sized RuO2 ? 2 modifies melt, generating cyclic gas-release phenomenon. We conduct series experiments on three-phase system composed borosilicate bubbles, crystals. Optical microscopic investigation is performed products thermal treatment at 1000°C for different durations. Based viscosity measurements, contact angle numerical simulations, propose mechanism entrainment bubbles carrying upper surface accompanied by aggregation, followed an explain observed